18.6.2012: Forschung CH

Bewirtschaftungsart der Weinberge beeinflusst die Zikadenbestände

Le mode de gestion des vignobles influence les populations de cicadelles


Valeria Trivellone et al.

Forscher haben gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von Pestiziden (Insektizide und Herbizide) und die Mähintensität von Hängen jene Faktoren sind, welche die Zikadenbestände in Weinbergen im Süden der Schweiz am stärksten beeinflussen. Eine Intensivierung der Bewirtschaftung hat die Zahl der Indikatorarten, insbesondere der Spezialisten, stark reduziert. Um die taxonomische und funktionale Vielfalt des Ökosystems Weinberg zu fördern, empfehlen die Forscher eine extensive Bewirtschaftung mit einem moderaten Einsatz von Pestiziden und einem niedrigen Mähregime.

Des chercheurs ont montré que l’usage de pesticides (insecticides et herbicides) et l’intensité de fauche des coteaux sont les facteurs influençant le plus fortement les populations de cicadelle des vignobles de Suisse méridionale. Une intensification de la gestion entraîne une forte diminution du nombre d’espèces indicatrices, en particuliers des spécialistes. Pour promouvoir la diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes viticoles, les chercheurs suggèrent de recourir à un mode de gestion extensif avec une utilisation modérée de pesticides et un régime de fauche bas.


The effects of the current changes in traditional agricultural practices in the Alps on the biodiversity affecting ecosystem functions and services are little known. Vineyards are among the oldest anthropogenic environments of high cultural and natural value that shape the landscape of large areas in Central and Southern Europe. In several mountain regions of the Alps, vineyards are a valid alternative to the landscape homogenisation that has followed post-cultural land abandonment and agriculture intensification. Key unanswered questions remain regarding the relative contribution of several factors that influence biodiversity, and the level in management pressure with regard to taxonomic and functional diversity enhancement.
To answer these questions, we sampled leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha) as a model taxon using different standard techniques along 24 vine transects within 8 vineyard complexes in Southern Switzerland. Each transect included one vine row, vine canopy, its interrow and the adjacent slope; the latter two were permanently grass-covered. Data were analysed using a four-step approach.
Environment (five variables) and management (four variables) accounted for most of the variance in the leafhopper assemblage. Pesticide use (insecticide and herbicide) and slope mowing are the most important management predictors of leafhopper species composition.
With increasing management pressure (i.e. pesticide and mowing), the number of indicator species and particularly the specialists (i.e. stenotopic and oligotopic species) decreases dramatically.
To promote taxonomic and functional complexity of communities in vineyard systems, we suggest low management pressure with moderate use of pesticide and a low intensity regime of slope mowing.


Keywords:
Zikaden, Indikatorarten, Weinbau

Art der Publikation:
Fachpublikation

Literatur:
Trivellone V. et al. (2011). Management pressure drives leafhopper communities in vineyards in Southern Switzerland. Insect Conservation and Diversity 5, 75-85.
http:// www.wsl.ch/info/mitarbeitende/trivello/index_IT

Kontaktadresse:
Valeria Trivellone
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL
Community Ecology
via Belsoggiorno 22
CH-6500 Bellinzona

valeria.trivellone@wsl.ch
Tel: +41 (0)91 821 52 38/36


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