15.6.2017: Forschung international

Biolandbau und die kleinräumige Pflanzendiversität erhöhen die Arthropodenvielfalt in Feldern

L’agriculture bio et une diversité végétale plus élevée augmentent la diversité des arthropodes dans les champs


Elinor M. Lichtenberg et al.

Basierend auf einem globalen Metadatensatz bestimmten Forschende die Effekte des Biolandbaus und einer erhöhten pflanzlichen Vielfalt in Feldern auf die Häufigkeit und die Diversität von Arthropoden (Bestäuber, Prädatoren, Herbivoren, Detritivoren). Im Vergleich zum konventionellen Anbau und eine tiefe Pflanzenvielfalt erhöhten die beiden Ansätze die Anzahl und Häufigkeit der Arthropoden, vor allem für seltene Artengruppen, für Bestäuber und Prädatoren.

Sur la base de métadonnées du monde entier, des chercheurs ont déterminé l’effet de l’agriculture biologique et d’une diversité végétale des champs augmentée sur la fréquence et la diversité des arthropodes (pollinisateurs, prédateurs, herbivores, détritivores). Comparé à la production conventionnelle et à une faible diversité végétale, les deux approches augmentent la fréquence et la diversité des arthropodes, en particulier pour les espèces rares, les pollinisateurs et les prédateurs.


Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, the researcher quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.

Quelle: Global Change Biology

Keywords:
Landwirtschaft, Biolandbau, Arthropoden, Pflanzen, funktionelle Gruppen, Landschaft

Art der Publikation:
Fachpublikation

Literatur:
Elinor M. Lichtenberg et al. (2017): A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity at field and landscape scales. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/gcb.13714
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13714/full



Kontaktadresse:
Dr. Lukas Pfiffner
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL)
Department Crop Sciences
Head of Agroecology and Biodiversity
Ackerstrasse 113, Box 219
CH-5070 Frick Switzerland

lukas.pfiffner@fibl.org
Tel: +41 (0)62 865 72 46


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